Cavernous sinus syndrome is a medical emergency, requiring prompt medical attention, diagnosis, and treatment.
2.
Cavernous sinus syndrome may result from mass effect of these tumors and cause ophthalmoplegia ( from compression of the oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, and abducens nerve ), ophthalmic sensory loss ( from compression of the ophthalmic nerve ), and maxillary sensory loss ( from compression of the maxillary nerve ).
3.
Potential causes of cavernous sinus syndrome include metastatic tumors, direct extension of nasopharyngeal tumors, meningioma, pituitary tumors or pituitary apoplexy, aneurysms of the intracavernous carotid artery, carotid-cavernous fistula, bacterial infection causing cavernous sinus thrombosis, aseptic thrombosis, idiopathic granulomatous disease ( Tolosa-Hunt syndrome ), and fungal infections.
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